Viser opslag med etiketten Eurocities. Vis alle opslag
Viser opslag med etiketten Eurocities. Vis alle opslag

lørdag den 30. oktober 2010

D-Land: Fra Informationssamfund til Videnssamfund

(Er tiden moden?)

Vi har i mange år talt om 'informationssamfundet' nærmest som synonym for det vi i Danmark 3.0 tænketanken har kaldt 'D-Land' – men vi kan nu se, at vi er på tærsklen til noget helt nyt, som rummer langt mere end 'information', nemlig et samfund som i stadig højere grad beskæftiger sig med viden.

Den største forskel er nok ikke så meget i selve adgangen til digitale data og informationer, som i den måde, de anvendes på, og den måde de indgår i et nyt tankesæt. For medens IKT i informationssamfundet er travlt optaget af at samle beskrivelser sammen af det, der ER og af det, der ER sket, så går vidensskamfundet ud på at indsamle, evaluere, vurdere, prognosticere med det klare formål at styre vores fremtid. Tænk på lægevidenskaben, der traditionelt har beskæftiget sig med at diagnosticere en eksisterende sygdom for derefter at behandle den. Nu taler vi om forebyggende sundhedsbehandling, flytter fokus til at ændre livsstil – og nogle taler om aktivt at benytte viden om gener til at kunne forudsige mulige, fremtidige sygdomme for det enkelte individ.

Der er klart etiske dilemmaer i dette: Hvor meget VIL vi vide om fremtiden, især om vores egne risici, men der et andet element, der i lige så høj grad kræver overvejelser og måske holdningsændringer: Fremtiden er nu en gang probabilistisk – de forudsigelser, vi gør, er behæftet med større eller mindre unøjagtigheder, som både politikere og enkeltpersoner må lære at forholde sig til. Når klimaforskere taler om jordens opvarmning som følge af CO2-udledning, er det også baseret på sandsynlighedsregning – men desværre for klimaskeptikerne, er sandsynligheden for sammenhænge til den menneskeskabte CO2 udledning så massiv, at en benægtelse vil have samme karakter, som at påstå at jorden er flad; det forhindrer så ikke, at man kan være mere eller mindre enig i hvilke problemstillinger, det er vigtigst for menneskeheden at tage hånd om først – politik bliver ikke mindre interessant, men mere interessant i et videnssamfund.

Hvordan tilvejebringer vi så viden? I næsten alle fagområder arbejder man i dag med generering af viden fra data og information: Landmanden kombinerer viden om jordbundens beskaffenhed på de enkelte dele af marken med viden om lokal meteorologi, så han kan dosere gødning langt mere finkornet og på de rigtige tidspunkter og samtidigt spare på udledning af kvælstof og optimere brug af fosfor, den næste mangelvare efter olie.

Det intelligente el-netværk forudsiger forbrug baseret på data og forecasts fra intelligente målere ohos forbrugerne, sammenligner med forudsigelser om blæst og sol, tilstedeværelsen af organisske brændstoffer og sammenvejer med den dynamiske pris på det europæiske netværk for konstant at producere el i fornødent omfang og med de kraftværker, der er mest hensigtsmæssige.

Den intelligente bygning kender planerne for dens indbyuggeres forbrug og ophold, sammenholder med vejr, vind, sol og optimerer afskærmning, udstråling, udkuftning, belysning i lokaler, genanvendelse af regnvand.

Business Intelligens benyttes af virksomheder til at udvinde viden fra CRM systemer og kundernes forbrugsmønstre, herunder deres brug af internettjenester, og sammenstiller med konkurrentinformation, løbende viden om tilgang og priser af delfabrikata og råvarer i værdikæden, eksistensen af varelagre hos forhandlere og kan optimere produktion, distribution, prisfastsættelse, kvalitetsstyring.

Det intelligente arbejdsmarked er desværre pt en illusion – men som omtalt i en tidligere blog vil en langt større gennemsigtighed og et bedre defineret grundlag for den enkelte arbejdstagers reelle kompetencer i forhold til efterspurgt kompetence kunne medvirke til bedre målretning af kompetenceudvikling, målrettede kurser for at bringe ledige i arbejde, der matcher arbejdsgiveres behov og arbejdstagernes grundkompetencer.

Og med kompetencer er vi tilbage til den barriere, som i denne sammenhæng er den vigtigste for at realisere videnssamfundet: Vi mangler fokus på at uddanne elever, studerende, lærere, - og folk, der er i arbejde – i metoder og teknikker, herunder holisitisk systemtænkning, og innoationsteknikker.

Man kan groft sige (jvfr Mac Mahon, Michael Peters et. al.) at de fundamentale vidensprocesser består i, at de der udfører dem, for det første har en klar viden om deres eget ugangspunkt, derers eget perspektiv, og derudover kan beherske følgende processer:

  • Observere, foretage nye eksperimenter og indhente erfaring fra resultatet hraf

  • Formulere koncepter og definere begreber

  • Opstille modeller og udlede teorier på basis heraf

  • Udføre en analyse af årsagssammenhænge

  • Kritisk analyse

  • Uddrage regler for anvendelse af analysen

  • Udarbejde kreative, praktiske anvendelser samt overføre viden til ny kontekst

I USA vil man herfra typisk foreslå, at man laver et sæt af standarder for de kompetencer, som skolebørn, lærere, studerende etc. skal have, således at dert bliver muligt at måle, om uddannelsessystemet rent faktisk leverer folk med de pågældende kompetencer; men det er ikke hverken i overensstemmelse med dansk pædagogisk tradition eller for den sags skyld særligt hensigtsmæssigt at starte processen i et så bureaukratisk og langsommeligt perspektivt. Al den stund vi er i en rivende udvikling indenfor metoder, værktøjer og anvendelser, vil det være en dødfødt ide at gå efter at systematisere viden og kompetencer, der ændrer sig.

En konkrete, dansk tilgang til at sætte pres på udvikling af kompetencer til brug i Videnssamfundets D-land vil være at få etableret et virtuelt center for Vidensprocesser og Vidensdannelse. Da hver enkelt fagområde på universiteter og for den sags skyld de fortskningstunge, danske virksomheder som Novo. Novozymes, Grundfoss, Danfoss, Vestas etc. alle sammen hver indenfor deres område har metoder og erfaringer med metoder spændende fra Statistiske modeller til Business Intelligence til grafisk fremstilling af informationsanalyse, så vil man med de rette incitamentert kunne opbygge et arsenal af metoder, som i samarbejde med Danmarks pædagogiske Universitet og faglærere på landets skoler passende kunne tilpasse og indbygge i bestående uddannelser – ikke bare i folkeskole og gymnasium, men også på tværs af universitetsinstituttter og virksomheder. Problemet består først og fremmest i at køre fri af forretningshemmeligheder og en ufrugtbar patentdefinition, for det jg taler om er netop ikke produktspecifik men generaliseret viden om analysemodeller og -metoder.

Et virtuelt center for Vidensdannelse supporteret også af ITEK og de IT-tunge virksomheder og med tilstrækkeligt antal generalistforskere, der kan uddrage essense af de tilbudte metoder og etablere faglige netværker, hvor de kan finde anvendelse udenfor det domæne, hvori de oprindeligt blev udviklet. Det er en del af min vision om fremtidens kompetenceudvikling.

Den anden del af visionen vedrører den offentlige sektors støtte til borgeren i Videnssamfundet.

Her kan vi tage udgangspunkt i Eurocities – The Knowledge Society Forum (Tidligere kendt som Telecities), der er en forening af de mest ICT-fremmelige byer i Europa (og ansøgerlande/EØS m.v.)

I Eurocities har man opstillet et charter for e-Citizens, som medlkemsbyerne næsten alle har tilsluttet sig. Her taler man om, at fremtidens e-Citizens har:

Ret til adgang til Internettet:

  • Enhver borger har ret til adgang til internettet gennem offentligt tilgængelige acces-punkter og fortrinsvis gennem bredbåndsforbindelser

  • Enhver borger skal garanteres sikkerhed og beskyttelse af personlige data, som bliver administreret gennem offentlige online tjenester

Ret til uddannelse og træning

  • Enhver borger har ret til at få adgang til de basale ICT færdigheder, der er nødvendige for at kunne udnytte offentlige services of informationer, der er tilgængelige via internettet

  • Enhver borger har ret til adgang til personlig assistance i forbindelse med adgang til offentlige tjenester og informationer via internettet

  • Enhver borger har ret til adgang til læringsplatforme for livslang læring og opkvalificeret uddannelse, så han kan drage fordele af alle til rådighed værende ressourcer, der genereres via ICT-faciliteter således at han kan tage aktiv del i videnssamfundet

Ret til adgang til online information

  • Enhver borger har ret til adgang til de data og den bedste kvalitet af den information, der indsamles af offentlige myndigheder

  • Enhver borger har ret til adgang til informationen uanset handicap

Ret til at deltage online i samfundsdebatten

  • Enhver borger skal sikre retten til at deltage via ICT platforme i den politiske beslutningsproces i hans eller hendes kommune

  • Enhver borger vil modtage feedback fra forvaltningen i forbindelse med deltagelse i offentlige høringer

Eurocities' charter støtter sig til den generelle EU strategi om at gøre alle offentlige data tilgængelige, såfremt de ikke direkte udgør en sikkerhedsmæssig risiko.

Og retten til uddannelse og livslang træning kan jo heller ikke ses isoleret som et krav til den enkelte by, men må ses som en generel forudsætning for at borgerne få mulighed for at tilegne sig de kompetencer, som jeg ovenfor efterlyste, og som er hele fundamentet under D-land som Videnssamfund.

lørdag den 28. august 2010

Index to Recent Blogs

I am not totally satisfied with the way wordpress administers tags and index. So for the benefit of my Students pls. check out this overview of recent blogs from me.

Danish eGovernment Strategy

Danmark 2.0 ?

Danske IT visioner 2015+

OECD efterlyser danske IT visioner

IT History – Fractions from a journey

Farvel til Teknologirådet?

eGovernment

Hvad skal vi med eGovernment ?

Om e-Valg

Hvorfor fejler offentlige IT-projekter?

Why Public IT Projects fail (1)

Why Public IT projects fail (2)
2 Days with Chris Pott – and Goodbye to IT as we know it!

The European Union and Web 3.0

Towards Web 3.0 ???

Public Sevices 2.0 – EU Seminar

Government 2020

The State of the Future

Impressions from WMSCI

6th Eastern European eGovernment Days

Privacy

Biometrics – The Danish Perspective

Video Surveillance and Privacy

Security and Privacy in Biometrics

Privacy igen-igen

Swedish Surveillance Law again, again – towards a happy ending ?

Reflections on Media Manipulations..

Nej til STASI metoder – Ja til social ansvarlighed

Swedish Surveillance Case – New Comments

When Neighbours are peeping through your Windows...


Security

Cyber-warfare – Is the IT Infrastructure protected?

User Centric Identity Management

Cybercrime Predictions

Security Outlook for the Middle East – some Comments

Digital Signature – A Danish Perspective

Beredskabssymposium – Når krisen kradser


Cities and eGovernment

Eurocities Annual General meeting 2009

Green Cities – Blue Skies ahead?

Eurocities Anual General meeting in Den Haag

Revisiting Dubai – The Eye of the inancial Crisis


Health & Welfare

Hospitals of the future

Welfare Technology – Architectural Considerations

Welfare Technology – Buzzword or Reality?

Sundheds- og Velfærdsteknologi

Københavns Kommunes projekt om det gode ældreliv

Teknologi i Ældreplejen


Greenland

Greenland – Icy Path to Independence

Safarissoq – 'Where the Currents get strong'

Arctic Challenges (1)

Arctic Challenges (2)


Climate and Global Resources, Macro Economics

G20 – Fears and Expectations

Intelligent Energy Systems

IMF – and Weapons of Financial Mass Destruction

Rethinking Macro Economics

Which Crisis ???

Sustainable Energy for 1000 Years

Global Ressources Statusrapport 2008 – Dystopi eller realitet?



onsdag den 13. maj 2009

Green Cities - Blue Skies Ahead?


This year we are witnessing an increasing level of activity in all institutions and organisations that in some way expect to benefit or to be involved in the upcoming climate summit in Copenhagen in December: COP 15 – Copenhagen December 2009

The objectives for the meeting are very high and the effort put into the preparations have been substantial:

  • To get all the world's countries to agree on a global target for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
  • To get the world's industrialized countries to take the lead and reduce their CO2 emissions significantly, while the world's newly industrialized countries and developing countries contribute to a collective solution
  • To agree on a global climate regime which does not restrain economic growth and that does not distort competition on the world market.

The Climate conference is supported by the UN International Panel on Climate Control.

The panel does not in itself represent the latest research, and some critics of their predictions claim that they base the recommendations on scientific work that is by now 2 years old. Others, including the notorious climate commentator Bjorn Lomborg, claims that all the effort and money going into carbon dioxide reduction are more or less wasted. But these days the critics seem to become fewer an fewer as the Copenhagen Fever intensifies;

This month the Copenhagen Climate Council will meet and discuss industries’ role in supporting the sustainability agenda.

And also the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its subcommittees are, what the call ‘in full negotiating mode’:

“The Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol (AWG-KP) and the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention (AWG-LCA) will operate in full negotiating mode in 2009 to advance work towards meeting their respective mandates. Important ongoing work under the Convention will also be taken forward in 2009 by SBI and SBSTA.”

But Carbon-Dioxyde submission, pollution and energy waste is first and foremost something that takes place in cities all over the World; so no wonder that this has become a burning platform and has created a lot of both political interest but also a number of real and promising initiatives forward. One of the first of this kind of initiatives in Europe is the so-called Covenant of the Mayors.

This project is strongly supporting the EU plan ’20-20-20’ – EU’s initiative to reduce CO2 emissions by 20% in 2020 as a result of a 20% increase in energy efficiency and a 20% share of renewable energy sources in 2020.

(The big question is if this is enough to reverse the trend towards global warming!)

The Council of European Municipalities and Regions (CEMR), in Malmö, 22-24 April 2009, and discussed the covenant, adding to examples and recommendations and the number of cities and regions that have signed the Covenant is still adding.

Among other pan-European initiatives the Green shift Europe founded in 2008 pointed at a number of possibilities for city administrations, companies and citizens to contribute to achieving the EU targets – and maybe even to go beyond them:

Examples from the Green Shift proposals:

  • Energy generation and distribution uses one third of all primary energy. Electricity generation could be made more efficient by 40% and its transport and distribution by 10%. ICT could make not only the management of power grids more efficient but also facilitate the integration of renewable energy sources. Denmark generates half its electricity through decentralised grids, with wind power accounting for 20% of all electricity. As a result, its C02 emissions fell from 937 to 517 g/kWh from 1990-2005.
  • The heating, cooling and lighting of buildings account for more than 40% of European energy consumption. ICT can continuously monitor data to optimise lighting, ventilation and equipment performance and provide consumers real-time updates on their energy consumption to stimulate behavioural changes. In Finland, this smart metering encouraged consumers to increase energy efficiency by 7%.
  • 20% of world electricity is used for lighting. Changing to energy efficient light bulbs could halve today's energy consumption for lighting by 2025. Intelligent light bulbs, which automatically adjust to natural light and people's presence will have an even greater effect.

The European organisation for cities, Eurocities: Focus on the importance of smarter cities to demonstrate the role that ICT can play in improving the energy efficiency of cities, the consequent reduction in emissions and working towards achieving a more sustainable low-carbon economy and society. Also to coordinate work on the development of a “Green Digital Charter” which would propose an action orientated and measurable framework and to support cities in using ICT to facilitate emissions reductions through improved energy efficiency and innovation.

In working towards a ‘Green Digital Charter’ for cities the main points are:

  1. Getting local partnerships of key leaders and stakeholders together in each city to promote the new green agenda
  2. Establishing a series of digital applications for improving the measurement, transparency and visibility of energy use and then involving local citizens, service providers and organisations to test-bed projects to deploy these
  3. Ensuring the city’s own ICT infrastructure and digital services have the minimal possible carbon footprint.
  4. Facilitating innovation to develop new digital infrastructures to enable low carbon activities and to achieve systemic carbon effectiveness
  5. Encouraging and promoting low carbon activities through innovative research and development activities and deployment projects

IBM, one of the private companies supporting the Eurocities organisation, is supporting the climate agenda on a global basis, most markedly in the Smarter Planet approach.. Smarter cities are one of the key areas under this heading. IBM’s work in this area can be described in the following 4 different visions:

  1. The connected city – making full use of telecommunications and mobile services to facilitate as well personal social networks as well as collaborative working reducing travel and increasing innovative capabilities
  2. The sustainable city – instrumentation to monitor and control all sorts of submissions, energy consumption, waste and recycling. This is based on intelligent systems that will help monitor and also to utilise incentive based market systems or personal-incented methods to support saving and managing constrained resources.
  3. The integrated City – Most cities are still today operated in silo’s and departments, and parts of the traditional city operations may have been outsourced. The integrated city approach offers capabilities again to have an enterprise view of what is happening encouraging optimization of city services and assist in incident management as well as crime prevention.
  4. The entrepreneurial city – deploying ICT solutions that will enable cities’ eco-system integration also taking commuting and collaboration between citizens, work places and consumers’ sites into consideration.

Example: The EDISON Project in Denmark was announced in February 2009. The objective of this project is to make a proof-of-concept that wind-based energy systems are able to offer a major part of the needed energy resources by allowing surplus energy to be stored in batteries of electric cars in peak periods, by operating windmills much closer to predicted storms and to have an intelligent electricity network connected to neighbouring countries to level off production and consumption.


Another example is the Stockholm congestion/Intelligent traffic regulation system; Not only did the variable pricing scheme – combined with an increased frequency of busses and tramway – lead to a reduction of inner city traffic by more than 20%, the level of pollution also dropped sharply. This model, supported by IBM solutions, is now being replicated in a number of cities around the World – from London, to Dublin, to Brisbane.



For the upcoming Eurocities summer event taking place in Reykjavik, Iceland from June 10 to 12, focus will move from the overall political declarations to practical and solid best practices that can be copied between the member cities. The preliminary program can be found here:

http://www.reykjavik.is/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-3567/5628_view-835/

tirsdag den 2. december 2008

Eurocities Annual General Meeting - Den Hague


Last week I had the pleasure to participate in Eurocities annual general meeting, this year in den Hague. Eurocities is an EU-partnership between 130+ major cities in Europe, and I have for some years had the honour to represent IBM as a coordinator, as IBM is one of 6 sponsors for a sub-orgasation, formerly Telecities now Knowledge Society Forum. Eurocities as an organization has the objective to support cities’ role in EU as one of the most important focus areas for developing high standards of living, dwelling, working.

To this end the Eurocities a year ago adopted the ‘Leipzig Charter’. This charter states that cities should be seen as cornerstones for development of well-being and a sustainable Europe. It calls for integrated approaches to development (breaking down silos between different parts of the public sector and between the public and private organizations and enterprises). It also calls for new governance principles, democratic participation in policy making and supporting citizen entrepreneurship.

To support these objectives the Eurocities conference started by an award ceremony where 3 cities where awarded for their innovative ways to solve some of these challenges:

The Finnish city Espoo won the award for their practice to bring senior citizens in contact with the cities many cultural organizations: music schools performing for elderly, sports facilities with instructors for elderly etc. a very inclusive and heart warming initiative.

The Belgian city of Gent was awarded for a very comprehensive and all-inclusive solution called ‘Gentinfo’ covering all aspects of services and information for citizens from booking books in the library, reserving day care for children, parking spaces, handling complaints and proposals etc.

Newcastle, UK won the third award for a project called ‘Udecide’ – an interesting project to involve citizens in prioritizing the budget and selecting, actually voting, between alternative ways to spend the cities money. There is a detailed study of this project available her: (Case study Udecide)

The ceremony took place in the Haag City Hall, a completely white and beautiful building created in 1995 by the US architect Richard Meier.

The official opening of the AGM took place on Thursday in the old and beautiful Steigenberger Kurhaus in Scheveningen. Mr. Jozias van Aartsen, the mayor of Hague and the next president for Eurocities welcomed the several hundred delegates, followed by Mr. Gerard Collomb, mayor of Lyon, current president and a person that has succeeded in placing the Eurocities agenda very high on the priority list in the EU Parliament and Commission. Also the Dutch Prime Minister, Jan Peter Balkenende, addressed the audience and surprised by describing his first political experiences from a small town close to Amsterdam. Finally, the newly appointed Secretary General, Paul Bevan introduced himself to the audience. He has an exciting career both in EU organizations and in setting up a successful planning cooperation organization in South East England, which he ran for 8 years.

Among other interesting speakers, The EU Commissioner for Competition, Ms. Neelie Kroes, made an interesting speech in the midst of the Financial Crisis, which of course has put a lot of pressure on her and her staff. She stressed that the wise fathers of EU and Jean Monnet in particular already from the outset put into the declaration that State Aid of private companies were forbidden, and could only be tolerated temporarily in case of an identified fault in the market. This has also been a guiding principle in the current support for the European Banks, and it is mandatory, that the EU aid and support MUST be followed by a restructuring. At the end of her speech, the representative from Newcastle rose and praised her flexibility and personal assistance to save the Northern Rock Bank, which would otherwise have put thousand of citizens in Newcastle on the street.

As the conference unfold, the 4 key areas were handled separately in a very intelligent way, as each of the working areas: Living in cities, Well-being, Environment and Health, and Working in cities were treated in break-out sessions, where each group was taken to a part of Den Hague that illustrated the problems in question, showed how this was being addressed by Den Hague, and then finishing off in meeting halls around the city.

The ‘Living’ working group was sent on a sightseeing to see the program ‘New Approach to priority Neighborhood the Hague Zuidwest’, and together with the speakers from Belfast and Rotterdam they discussed the problems of creating balanced residential areas.

The workshop on ‘Well Being’ discussed how diverse ethnical and cultural background could be seen as cohesive rather than a diverting factor in creating global cities with multi ethnical inhabitants. Den Hague has a large number of immigrants representing more than 52 countries, and together with Bristol UK and Barcelona Spain, this topic was discussed intensely.

The ‘Environment and Health’ workgroup, where I participated, drove through an area that was at a point becoming a ghetto – the Transvaal district – but where a lot of initiatives to tear down debris and build new sustainable houses with far less heat consumption and with a nice and attractive design had helped to bring up the standard. The meeting ended in a former church founded by the late queen Juliane. As the inhabitants were now mostly muslims or hindus, this was now a city service center, and the chapels have been transformed into special offices and information desks for citizens. Also the president for Knowledge Society Forum, Dr. Giuseppe Paolo presented – a case of how to avoid problems when allocation mobile sending stations, and the city of Sheffield’s representative presented a very interesting case showing the key influential factors in people’s health, unemployment being one of the major sources of diseases and health care related costs.

The strategic plan for Sheffield seems interesting for many other cities.

The working group on ‘Work’ also passed Transvaal, and the topics of the discussion were how to leverage public-private partnership to create enough jobs also for the unskilled workers and immigrants. This also included having a number of jobs to secure clean and nice local and dwelling areas, even if the jobs were subsidized, this could be shown to pay off in less crime, better quality of living. From Budapest a description on how an Office for Equal Opportunities were created , and how the cooperation between local officials, high quality social services, NGO’s and private participant could help the underprivileged to get jobs, education and housing.

From Poznan a presentation of the Barka-Kofoed Social Integration Centre (Based partly on funding from the Danish Velux Foundation) showed how this benefited unemployed and socially excluded people in the city.

Finally a Working Group on Innovations in Local Government stayed at the centre and discussed the 3 key topics of developing local community participation, how to develop integrated approaches (breaking down silos between departments and institutions) and how to develop multilevel governance. Among the speakers was the representative from Berlin that described the Quartiersmanagement project. Also Istanbul presented My Project Istanbul, a runner-up for the award on cooperation initiatives.

The last day of the conference was among topics devoted to work on an updated version of the Leipzig Declaration, and the next – Den Hague Declaration – will be published shortly, so I will come back to this in a later blog.

The Conference finished by the mayor of Den Hague, now the President of Eurocities, who thanked the participants and the chairs for the various committees/For a that had developed a status of the results from the last year.

I will look forward to the next meetings in Telecities/Knowledge Society Forum, where the more politically oriented topics will be left out and the focus will be on the practical adaptation of IT technology in the key areas of urban life. This is very much in line with IBM’s initiative called ‘A Smarter Planet’, where cities are in focus for a lot of the development during the next decade.

This is a practical way of transforming the IBM vision from ‘Government 2020’.